ARFID is the name used to describe a condition where an individual has a constant lack of interest in eating, avoids specific foods due to the texture or consistency, gets visibly anxious when trying new foods (or refuses to try them at all), needs food to be prepared a specific way, is only willing to eat specific brands of food, or has an intense fear of choking, vomiting, or becoming sick from a specific food (Zimmerman & Fisher, 2017). If you’ve noticed someone struggling with one or more of these symptoms, then that person may have ARFID.
ARFID is seen in all ages but is most common with children and young adults. If not treated properly at a younger age, ARFID can become more severe as one grows older. It’s important to note that those who are diagnosed with ARFID do not always have body image distress or worries regarding weight gain. Instead, it is their perception of the food itself that causes the stress and avoidance. The reasons why someone may have ARFID vary, ranging from changing preferences, taste bud development, to the impact of an unexpected event such as food poisoning.
An individual showing symptoms of ARFID or who has been diagnosed with ARFID may experience a nutritional deficit for their body that can have a number of negative consequences, both physically and mentally, including
- Significant weight loss
- Cold intolerances
- Limited acceptance of foods and beverages
- Fatigue
- Lack of interest in food or no appetite
- Weakness
- Gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, stomach pain and early satiety